Elizabeth Freeman

In 1781, Elizabeth Freeman, also called Mum Bett, was the first enslaved woman to use the newly adopted Massachusetts State Constitution with its language: “...all men are born free and equal…” to file a lawsuit for her freedom. She won her case, which helped bring about the end of slavery in Massachusetts. After her emancipation, Freeman earned a living as a midwife and healer, grew prosperous, owned land, and became a well-regarded resident of Stockbridge.

For additional information on Elizabeth Freeman, read our companion biography.